The high-yield points that come up again and again in Class 10 Science. Use it for quick revision before tests and boards. From Veda Topper International, Irinjalakuda.
Physics — Light
- Laws of reflection: angle of incidence = angle of reflection; both lie in the same plane.
- Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u; magnification m = −v/u.
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u; power P = 1/f (f in metres, unit dioptre).
- Refractive index n = speed of light in vacuum / speed in medium = sin i / sin r.
- Human eye defects: myopia (concave lens), hypermetropia (convex lens).
Physics — Electricity & magnetism
- Ohm's law: V = IR. Resistance R = ρL/A.
- Series: R = R₁+R₂+…; Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁+1/R₂+…
- Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R. Heating effect: H = I²Rt.
- Fleming's left-hand rule → force on a current-carrying conductor; right-hand rule → induced current.
Chemistry — reactions, acids & bases
- Reaction types: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation–reduction (redox).
- pH scale 0–14: <7 acidic, 7 neutral, >7 basic.
- Acid + base → salt + water (neutralisation).
- Reactivity series (high→low): K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, (H), Cu, Ag, Au.
Chemistry — carbon & periodic table
- Carbon forms covalent bonds; shows catenation & tetravalency.
- Homologous series differ by –CH₂; functional groups: –OH (alcohol), –COOH (acid), –CHO (aldehyde).
- Modern periodic law: properties are a periodic function of atomic number.
- Across a period: metallic character decreases; down a group: it increases.
Biology — life processes & more
- Life processes: nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion.
- Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in presence of sunlight & chlorophyll).
- Human heart: four chambers; double circulation.
- Control: nervous system (neurons, reflex arc) and hormones (endocrine glands).
- Heredity: Mendel's laws; genes carry inherited traits. Food chain: producers → consumers → decomposers.
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