A quick-revision sheet of the core Plus Two (Class 12) Physics formulas. Use it for last-minute revision and numerical practice. From Veda Topper International, Irinjalakuda.
Electrostatics
- Coulomb's law: F = k q₁q₂ / r², where k = 1 / 4πε₀
- Electric field: E = F / q; for a point charge E = kq / r²
- Potential: V = kq / r; relation E = −dV/dr
- Capacitance: C = Q / V; parallel plate C = ε₀A / d
- Energy stored: U = ½ CV² = ½ QV
Current electricity
- Ohm's law: V = IR
- Resistance: R = ρL / A
- Power: P = VI = I²R = V² / R
- Series: R = R₁ + R₂ + …; Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …
Magnetism & moving charges
- Force on a charge: F = qvB sinθ
- Force on a wire: F = BIL sinθ
- Magnetic field (long straight wire): B = μ₀I / 2πr
EMI & alternating current
- Magnetic flux: Φ = BA cosθ
- Induced emf: ε = −dΦ / dt
- Reactance: X_L = ωL; X_C = 1 / ωC
- Impedance: Z = √[ R² + (X_L − X_C)² ]
Ray & wave optics
- Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u; magnification m = −v/u
- Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u; power P = 1/f (f in metres, in dioptre)
- Refractive index: n = sin i / sin r = c / v
- Young's double slit: fringe width β = λD / d
Modern physics
- Photon energy: E = hf = hc / λ
- Photoelectric: hf = φ + ½ mv²max
- de Broglie wavelength: λ = h / p = h / mv
- Mass–energy: E = mc²
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